Een studie waar 27 wetenschappers aan meewerkten dat er
veel meer jobs kunnen zijn door de afdanking van fossiele brandstoffen, door de volledige omschakeling op duurzame energie, zelfs geen kernenergie meer nodig.
Toch voor 139 bepaalde landen mogelijk. 2050 is natuurlijk nog lang, maar veel landen nemen het al veel jaren heel ernstig, zie media, of via wiki:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_production_from_renewable_sourcesAja die studie, tegen 2050:
JOBS CREATED 52 miljoen
JOBS LOST 27,7 miljoenEn men krijgt er ook nog een mooi prentje en orginele studie bij met de groeten van 27 wetenschappers:
Studie via:
https://www.livescience.com/60461-renewable-energy-road-map.htmldirecte link en pdf:
http://www.cell.com/joule/abstract/S2542-4351(17)30012-0
http://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(17)30012-0.pdf samenvatting 121 blz.
100% Clean and Renewable Wind, Water, and Sunlight All-Sector Energy Roadmaps for 139 Countries of the World
Mark Z. Jacobson, Mark A. Delucchi, Zack A.F. Bauer, Savannah C. Goodman, William E. Chapman, Mary A. Cameron, Cedric Bozonnat, Liat Chobadi, Hailey A. Clonts, Peter Enevoldsen, Jenny R. Erwin, Simone N. Fobi, Owen K. Goldstrom, Eleanor M. Hennessy, Jingyi Liu, Jonathan Lo, Clayton B. Meyer, Sean B. Morris, Kevin R. Moy, Patrick L. O'Neill, Ivalin Petkov, Stephanie Redfern, Robin Schucker, Michael A. Sontag, Jingfan Wang, Eric Weiner, Alexander S. Yachanin.
Highlights
•Roadmaps for 139 countries to use 100% wind-water-solar in all energy sectors
•Roadmaps avoid 1.5°C global warming and millions of annual air-pollution deaths
•Roadmaps reduce social cost of energy and create 24.3 million net long-term jobs
•Roadmaps reduce power disruption and increase worldwide access to energy
Context & Scale
For the world to reverse global warming, eliminate millions of annual air-pollution deaths, and provide secure energy, every country must have an energy roadmap based on widely available, reliable, zero-emission energy technologies. This study presents such roadmaps for 139 countries of the world. These roadmaps are far more aggressive than what the Paris agreement calls for, but are still technically and economically feasible. The solution is to electrify all energy sectors (transportation, heating/cooling, industry, agriculture/forestry/fishing) and provide all electricity with 100% wind, water, and solar (WWS) power. If fully implemented by 2050, the roadmaps will enable the world to avoid 1.5°C global warming and millions of annual air-pollution deaths, create 24.3 million net new long-term, full-time jobs, reduce energy costs to society, reduce energy end-use by 42.5%, reduce power disruption, and increase worldwide access to energy.
Summary
We develop roadmaps to transform the all-purpose energy infrastructures (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, industry, agriculture/forestry/fishing) of 139 countries to ones powered by wind, water, and sunlight (WWS). The roadmaps envision 80% conversion by 2030 and 100% by 2050. WWS not only replaces business-as-usual (BAU) power, but also reduces it ∼42.5% because the work: energy ratio of WWS electricity exceeds that of combustion (23.0%), WWS requires no mining, transporting, or processing of fuels (12.6%), and WWS end-use efficiency is assumed to exceed that of BAU (6.9%). Converting may create ∼24.3 million more permanent, full-time jobs than jobs lost. It may avoid ∼4.6 million/year premature air-pollution deaths today and ∼3.5 million/year in 2050; ∼$22.8 trillion/year (12.7 ¢/kWh-BAU-all-energy) in 2050 air-pollution costs; and ∼$28.5 trillion/year (15.8 ¢/kWh-BAU-all-energy) in 2050 climate costs. Transitioning should also stabilize energy prices because fuel costs are zero, reduce power disruption and increase access to energy by decentralizing power, and avoid 1.5°C global warming.
Received: February 13, 2017; Received in revised form: April 11, 2017; Accepted: July 7, 2017; Published: August 23, 2017
Aja niet schieten op de boodschapper, je kunt mailen naar de auteur Mark Z. Jacobson
:
http://redgreenandblue.org/2017/08/24/mark-jacobsons-pro-growth-roadmap-takes-139-countries-100-renewable-energy/
Mark Z. Jacobson, the famed professor at the Stanford School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, and 26 of his colleagues have compiled a report that shows exactly how 139 nations could transition to 100% renewable energy by 2050 without throwing millions of people out of work. In fact, they contend that the changeover would actually spur job growth while dramatically reducing carbon emissions.
Uiteraard moet het transport dan ook 100% electrisch zijn, Noorwegen zal hier wslk de eerste zijn:
https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/norway-sustainable-energy-green-cars/
ENVIRONMENT MARCH 9, 2017
Norway Just Proved That a Future With 100% Renewable Energy Cars Is Possible
Norway is arguably the leader in the global pursuit for sustainable energy. The Scandinavian nation currently has the highest number of electric cars per capita – and they’re only getting better.
- More than half of the new cars bought in Norway so far in 2017 are either electric or hybrid.
- Through January, electric cars accounted for 17.6 per cent of new vehicle registrations, while hybrids accounted for 33.8 per cent. That’s 51.4 per cent, combined.
Andere kanshebbende landen best via media of Wikipedia,
en de vele obstakels en Nimby's 
zijn daar ook te vinden :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100%25_renewable_energy
The endeavor to use 100% renewable energy for electricity, heating and cooling, and transport is motivated by global warming, pollution and other environmental issues, as well as economic and energy security concerns. Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system. In 2013 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand. Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even advocates anticipated.[6]
In 2014, renewable sources such as wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, and burnt waste provided 19% of the total energy consumed worldwide, with roughly half of that coming from traditional use of biomass.[7] The most important sector is electricity with a renewable share of 22.8%, most of it coming from hydropower with a share of 16.6%, followed by wind with 3.1%.[7] There are many places around the world with grids that are run almost exclusively on renewable energy. At the national level, at least 30 nations already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of the energy supply.
Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow of Princeton University have developed a series of “Climate stabilization wedges” that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change, and "renewable energy sources," in aggregate, constitute the largest number of their "wedges."[8]
Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy program, says that producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible, and that existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Jacobson says that energy costs today with a wind, solar, and water system should be similar to today's energy costs from other optimally cost-effective strategies.[9] The main obstacle against this scenario is the lack of political will.[10] Jacobson's conclusions have been disputed by other researchers.
Similarly, in the United States, the independent National Research Council has noted that “sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change, energy security, and the escalation of energy costs … Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States, taken collectively, can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand."[11]
The main barriers to the widespread implementation of large-scale renewable energy and low-carbon energy strategies are political rather than technological. According to the 2013 Post Carbon Pathways report, which reviewed many international studies, the key roadblocks are: climate change denial, the fossil fuels lobby, political inaction, unsustainable energy consumption, outdated energy infrastructure, and financial constraints.[12]
...
Obstacles[edit]
The most significant barriers to the widespread implementation of large-scale renewable energy and low carbon energy strategies, at the pace required to prevent runaway climate change, are primarily political and not technological. According to the 2013 Post Carbon Pathways report, which reviewed many international studies, the key roadblocks are:[12]
- Climate change denial
- Efforts to impede renewable energy by the fossil fuel industry
- Political paralysis
- Unsustainable consumption of energy and resources
- Path dependencies and outdated infrastructure
- Financial and governance constraints
NASA Climate scientist James Hansen discusses the problem with rapid phase out of fossil fuels and said that while it is conceivable in places such as New Zealand and Norway, "suggesting that renewables will let us phase rapidly off fossil fuels in the United States, China, India, or the world as a whole is almost the equivalent of believing in the Easter Bunny and Tooth Fairy."[91][92] In 2013, Smil analyzed proposals to depend on wind and solar-generated electricity including the proposals of Jacobson and colleagues, and writing in an issue of Spectrum prepared by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, he identified numerous points of concern, such as cost, intermittent power supply, growing NIMBYism, and a lack of infrastructure as negative factors and said that "History and a consideration of the technical requirements show that the problem is much greater than these advocates have supposed."[91][93] Smil and Hansen are concerned about the variable output of solar and wind power, but American physicist Amory Lovins has said that the electricity grid can cope, just as it routinely backs up nonworking coal-fired and nuclear plants with working ones.[94]...
bvb Zweden tegen 2040 ?:
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sweden-renewable-energy-target-2040-country-on-track-a7381686.html
Sweden on target to run entirely on renewable energy by 2040
Last year 57 per cent of Sweden's power came from renewables
In elk geval laten de Arabieren hun vrouwen nu ook rijden om economische redenen en om minder afhankelijk te zijn van olie. Er gaan teveel miljarden naar buitenlandse chauffeurs enz...
https://www.tijd.be/r/t/1/id/9936725
Vrouwen in Saoedi-Arabië gaan met de auto mogen rijden. © REUTERS
...
Saoedische vrouwen waren door het rijverbod genoodzaakt om beroep te doen op andere vervoersmiddelen om zich te verplaatsen. Dat hield ook economische kosten in. Volgens een vooraanstaande Saoedische prins, Alwaleed bin Talal, verdwenen er miljarden dollars uit de economie van het koninkrijk omdat vrouwen buitenlandse chauffeurs betaalden om hen te vervoeren.
Alaweed berekende dat een gezin maandelijks gemiddeld 1.000 dollar aan chauffeurs besteedt. De prins zei dat vrouwen toelaten om te rijden dan ook noodzakelijk was gezien de 'economische omstandigheden'.
...
De versoepeling van de wetgeving op vrouwen zou dan ook passen in de 'Vision 2030'-hervormingen die het land voor ogen heeft. Met dat plan wil het land de economie minder afhankelijk maken van olie om meer jongeren tewerk te kunnen stellen.
